Elaboração e validação de Instrumento de Identificação de Assédio Sexual de Estudantes de Medicina (IIASEM) / Elaboration and validation of an Instrument to Identify Sexual Harassment of Medical Students (MESSHII)

Resumo Introdução: O assédio sexual é uma realidade que permeia as relações de poder hierárquicas e de gênero. Embora perceptível nos meios médico e acadêmico, é considerado uma violência silenciada que acarreta agravos orgânicos e psíquicos com grandes consequências para a vítima. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos elaborar e validar um instrumento de identificação da ocorrência de assédio sexual em estudantes de Medicina. Método: Após revisão da literatura sobre o tema, elaborou-se um instrumento, com repostas do tipo Likert em cinco níveis de opção, que possui duas partes: a primeira com informações sobre características sociodemográficas e acadêmicas dos participantes, e a segunda contendo 21 itens agrupados em três dimensões: formas de assédio, fatores facilitadores e identificação do assediador no meio acadêmico e na prática hospitalar. Efetuaram-se as validações semântica e de conteúdo por consenso de especialistas, e a validação FACE realizada por grupo focal de 12 estudantes, sendo dois de cada ano do curso. Para verificação da confiabilidade, o instrumento foi enviado a 1.146 estudantes de Medicina uma vez por semana, por quatro semanas. Obteve-se a resposta de 350 (30,5%) estudantes no teste, seguindo a recomendação para estudos psicométricos. Após 15 dias, iniciou-se o reteste com os 350 respondentes do teste, seguindo a mesma cronologia de envio para a verificação da estabilidade. No reteste, obtiveram-se 69 respostas. Para a elaboração do banco de dados, utilizou-se o programa Excel versão 16, e, para a análise, adotou-se o programa estatístico Stata versão 13. O instrumento foi aplicado on-line pelo software livre LimeSurvey. Resultado: A confiabilidade do instrumento ficou evidenciada pelo alfa de Cronbach de 0,8163 e de 0,7826 para o teste e reteste, respectivamente. Para a constatação da estabilidade, utilizou-se o teste de Stuart-Maxwell que apresentou um valor de p = 0,126. Adotou-se ainda o Kappa ponderado, em que o resultado de todas as 21 assertivas está contido no intervalo de confiança, demonstrando a homogeneidade da distribuição dos escores médios entre o teste e o reteste. Conclusão: Como o instrumento validado se mostrou confiável e estável, pode ser utilizado em escolas médicas para a identificação do assédio sexual em estudantes de Medicina.

Abstract Introduction: Sexual harassment is a reality that permeates hierarchical and gender power relations, and although noticeable in the medical and academic environment, it is considered a silenced violence that causes organic and psychological harm, with great consequences for the victim. Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to identify the occurrence of sexual harassment in medical students. Method: This instrument was developed, after reviewing the literature on the subject, with Likert-type responses at five option levels, which has two parts: the first with information on the participants' sociodemographic and academic characteristics and the second containing 21 items grouped into three dimensions: forms of harassment, facilitating factors and identification of the harasser in the academic environment and in hospital practice. Semantic and content validation was carried out by consensus of experts and FACE validation was carried out by a focal group of 12 students, two from each year of the course. To verify reliability, the instrument was sent to 1,146 medical students once a week for four weeks, with 350 (30.5%) students responding to the Test following the recommendation for psychometric studies. After 15 days, the Retest was started with the 350 Test respondents, following the same submission chronology to verify stability. In the Retest, 69 responses were obtained. The Excel program version 16 was used to create the database and the Stata statistical program version 13 was used for the analysis. The instrument was applied online using the LimeSurvey free software. Results: The reliability of the instrument was evidenced by a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.8163 and 0.7826 for Test and Retest, respectively. For the verification of stability, the Stuart-Maxwell test was used, which showed a value of p = 0.126 and the weighted Kappa, where the result of all 21 assertions are contained in the confidence interval, demonstrating the homogeneity of the distribution of the average scores between the Test and the Retest. Conclusions: The validated instrument proved to be reliable and stable and can be used in medical schools to identify sexual harassment in medical students.

Changes in male sexuality after urologic cancer: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the most common sexual problems and changes experienced by male urological cancer survivors, focusing on evidence-based practices for assessment and intervention. Materials and Methods We search the PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases between 1994 and 2022, using the following key words: "urological cancer", "urological malignances", "genitourinary cancer", "male sexual health", and "male sexual dysfunction". Results This narrative review provides an overview of the current literature involving the impact of diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers on male sexual function. Male "genital" or "reproductive" tumors, such as prostate, penile, and testicular tumors, clearly appear to affect sexual function. However, tumors that do not involve genital parts of the body, such as the bladder and kidney, can also affect male sexual function. Conclusion Male sexual dysfunction is very common after urologic cancer diagnosis and treatment. Changes in body image and anatomical damage can be associated with impaired masculinity and sexual function, especially after prostate, penile or testicular cancer treatment. Moreover, anxiety, depression, and fear of recurrence have an impact on quality of life and sexual function regardless of the cancer location. Therefore, patients need be counseled about the likely changes in sexual function before treatment of any urological cancer.

Artificial intelligence to predict the need for mechanical ventilation in cases of severe COVID-19 / Inteligência artificial na predição de necessidade de ventilação mecânica em casos graves de COVID-19

Abstract Objective: To determinate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) imaging assessed by deep neural networks for predicting the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study carried out at two hospitals in Brazil. We included CT scans from patients who were hospitalized due to severe acute respiratory syndrome and had COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The training set consisted of chest CT examinations from 823 patients with COVID-19, of whom 93 required MV during hospitalization. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on convolutional neural networks. The performance of the AI model was evaluated by calculating its accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: For predicting the need for MV, the AI model had a sensitivity of 0.417 and a specificity of 0.860. The corresponding area under the ROC curve for the test set was 0.68. Conclusion: The high specificity of our AI model makes it able to reliably predict which patients will and will not need invasive ventilation. That makes this approach ideal for identifying high-risk patients and predicting the minimum number of ventilators and critical care beds that will be required.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a acurácia da tomografia computadorizada (TC), avaliada por redes neurais profundas, na ventilação mecânica, de pacientes hospitalizados por síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado em dois hospitais brasileiros. Foram incluídas TCs de pacientes hospitalizados por síndrome respiratória aguda grave e COVID-19 confirmada por RT-PCR. O treinamento consistiu em TC de tórax de 823 pacientes com COVID-19, dos quais 93 foram submetidos a ventilação mecânica na hospitalização. Nós desenvolvemos um modelo de inteligência artificial baseado em redes de convoluções neurais. A avaliação do desempenho do uso da inteligência artificial foi baseada no cálculo de acurácia, sensibilidade, especificidade e área sob a curva ROC. Resultados: A sensibilidade do modelo foi de 0,417 e a especificidade foi de 0,860. A área sob a curva ROC para o conjunto de teste foi de 0,68. Conclusão: Criamos um modelo de aprendizado de máquina com elevada especificidade, capaz de prever de forma confiável pacientes que não precisarão de ventilação mecânica. Isso significa que essa abordagem é ideal para prever com antecedência pacientes de alto risco e um número mínimo de equipamentos de ventilação e de leitos críticos.

Migratory Glossitis Associated with Cleft Tongue: Case Report / Glossite Migratória Associada a Língua Fissurada: Relato de Caso

Benign migratory glossitis, also known as geographic tongue, is characterized by the tongue inflammation and is associated with pain and difficulty eating due to the lingual papillae atrophy. It may appear in association with the fissured tongue. This paper reports the case of a 47-year-old male patient who sought dental care with the main complaint of burning, discomfort, increased sensitivity and a burning sensation on the tongue. He was diagnosed with migratory glossitis associated with a fissured tongue. The patient treatment was performed with an ointment based on triamcinolone acetonide (Omcilon- A Orabase®), which showed improvement in the clinical signs after seven days. The therapy used in this patient was effective in restoring the tongue papillae and improving signs and symptoms.

A glossite migratória benigna, também conhecida como língua geográfica, caracteriza-se por inflamação da língua e está associada a dor e dificuldade na alimentação devido a atrofia das papilas linguais. Pode aparecer em associação à língua fissurada. Este trabalho relata o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino com idade de 47 anos que buscou atendimento odontológico com queixa principal de ardência, desconforto, sensibilidade aumentada e sensação de queimação na língua. Foi diagnosticado com glossite migratória associada a língua fissurada. O tratamento do paciente foi realizado com pomada à base de triancinolona acetonida (Omcilon- A Orabase®) demonstrou melhora no quadro clinico após sete dias. A terapêutica usada neste paciente foi eficaz no restabelecimento das papilas da língua e melhora dos sinais e sintomas.

Findings regarding non-sexual penile fracture in a referral emergency hospital

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe penile fracture (PF) findings with non-sexual etiology in a referral emergency hospital, with emphasis on demographic data, clinical and intraoperative findings and long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: Patients with PF of non-sexual cause operated at our institution from January 2014 to January 2019 were submitted to surgical treatment and monitored for at least three months after surgery. Etiology of trauma, epidemiological and clinical presentation data, time to intervention and operative findings were reviewed retrospectively. The evaluation of postoperative erectile function was carried out by filling out the International Index of Erection Function - 5 (IIEF-5). The tool used to assess urinary function was the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Results: Of a total of 149 patients submitted to surgical treatment for PF, 18 (12%) reported non-sexual etiology. Twelve (66.6%) cases were due to penile manipulation through the act of bending the penis during morning erection, three (16.6%) when rolling over in bed with erect penis, one (5.5%) when embracing the wife during erection, one (5.5%) to laying on the partner with erect penis and the other (5.5%) when sitting on the toilet with an erection. Operative findings were unilateral corpus cavernosum injury in all cases. Only one (5.5%) patient had a partial urethral lesion. Follow-up time varied from 3 to 18 months (mean, 10.1 months). Three (16.6%) patients developed erectile dysfunction six months after surgery. However, all of them responded to treatment with IPDE-5 and reported improvement of erection, with no need for medication, on reevaluation after 18 months. One (5.5%) patient developed penile curvature < 30 degrees. Thirteen (72.2%) patients developed penile nodules. No patient presented voiding complaints during follow-up. Conclusions: PF is a rare urologic emergency, especially with the non-sexual etiology. However, PF should always be considered when the clinical presentation is suggestive, regardless of the etiology. Penile manipulation and roll over in bed were the most common non-sexual causes. These cases are related to low-energy traumas, usually leading to unilateral rupture of corpus cavernosum. Urethral involvement is uncommon but may be present. Early treatment has good long-term clinical outcome, especially when performed in specialized centers with extensive experience in FP.

Lessons learned after 20 years' experience with penile fracture

ABSTRACT Objective: To report our experience over the past 20 years in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of penile fracture (PF). Materials and methods: Between January 1997 and January 2017, patients with clinical diagnosis of PF were admitted to our facility and retrospectively assessed. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation, etiology and operative findings. Postoperative complications, sexual and urinary function were evaluated. Results: Sexual trauma was the main etiological factor, responsible for 255 cases (88.5%): 110 (43.1%) occurred with the "doggy style" position, 103 (40.3%) with "man on top" position, 31 (12.1%) with the "woman on top" position and 11 (4.3%) in other sexual positions. The most common findings in the clinical presentation were hematoma, in all cases and detumescence in 238 (82.6%). Unilateral corpus cavernosum injuries were found in 199 (69%) patients and bilateral in 89 (31%) patients. Urethral injuries were observed in 54 (18.7%) cases. Nine (14.7%) patients developed erectile dysfunction and eight (13.1%) had penile curvature. Only two (3.7%) patients had complications after urethral reconstruction. Conclusions: PF has typical clinical presentation and no need for additional tests in most cases. Hematoma and immediate penile detumescence are the most common clinical findings. Sexual activity was the most common cause. The 'doggy style' and 'man-on-top' was the most common positions and generally associated with more severe lesions. Concomitant urethral injury should be considered in cases of highenergy trauma. Surgical reconstruction produces satisfactory results, however, it can lead to complications, such as erectile dysfunction and penile curvature.

Urethral injury in penile fracture: a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objective To present the evolution and the recent data on the etiology, diagnosis, management and outcomes of penile fracture (PF) with concomitant urethral injury. Materials and Methods We searched the Pubmed database between 1998 and 2019 using the following key words: "penile fracture", "fracture of penis", "trauma to penis", "rupture of corpora cavernosa", "urethral injury", "urethral rupture" and "urethral reconstruction". Results The incidence of urethral lesion in patients with PF varies by geographic region and etiology. Blood in the meatus, hematuria and voiding symptoms are highly indicative of urethral rupture. The diagnosis of PF is eminently clinical and complementary exams are not necessary. The treatment consists of urethral reconstruction and the most common complications found are urethral stenosis and urethrocutaneous fistula. Conclusion PF is an uncommon urological emergency, particularly in cases with urethral involvement. Urethral injury should be suspected in the presence of suggestive clinical signs, and diagnosis is usually clinical. Urgent urethral reconstruction is mandatory and produces satisfactory results with low levels of complications.

Treatment options and outcomes of penile constriction devices

ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the effect of penile constriction devices used on a large series of patients who presented at our emergency facility. We explored treatment options to prevent a wide range of vascular and mechanical injuries occurring due to penile entrapment. Materials and Methods: Between January 2001 and March 2016, 26 patients with penile entrapment were admitted to our facility and prospectively evaluated. Results: The time that elapsed from penile constrictor application to hospital admission varied from 10 hours to 6 weeks (mean: 22.8 hours). Non-metallic devices were used by 18 patients (66.6%) while the other nine (33.4%) had used metallic objects. Acute urinary retention was present in six (23%) patients, of whom four (66.6%) underwent percutaneous surgical cystotomy and two (33.4%) underwent simple bladder catheterization. The main reason for penile constrictor placement was erectile dysfunction, accounting for 15 (55.5%) cases. Autoerotic intention, psychiatric disorders, and sexual violence were responsible in five (18.5%), five (18.5%), and two (7.4%) cases, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 18 hours (range, 6 hours to 3 weeks). Conclusion: Penile strangulation treatment must be immediate through the extraction of the foreign body, avoiding vascular impairments that can lead to serious complications. Most patients present with low-grade injuries and use penile constrictors due to erectile dysfunction. Removal of constrictor device can be challenging. The use of specific tools for achieving penile release from constrictors is a fast, safe and effective method. Patients with urinary retention may require urinary diversion.

Penile refracture: a preliminary report

ABSTRACT Objective: To report our institutional experience with penile refracture, including demographic data, recurrence time, etiology and operative findings in the first and second episodes. Materials and methods: Between January 1982 and September 2017, 281 patients underwent surgical treatment for penile fracture (PF) at our institution. Demographic data, clinical presentation, besides operative findings and follow-up of patients with relapsed PF were retrospectively assessed by reviewing medical records. Results: Of a total of 281 cases of PF operated at our institution, 3 (1.06%) patients experienced two episodes of trauma. Age ranged from 38 - 40 years (mean: 39.3). The recurrence time varied from 45 to 1560 days (mean: 705). Two patients presented the new fracture episode at the same site of the previous lesion, while in the other case the lesion was observed at another site. Conclusion: Recurrent FP is an extremely rare entity. The risk factors for its occurrence are still unknown. Although the lesion of the corpus cavernosum ipsilateral to the scar tissue of the prior FP is more common, contralateral rupture may be present. Nevertheless, prospective studies with larger samples should be conducted.

Sexual complications of penile frature in men who have sex with men

ABSTRACT Objectives: Evaluate the demographic data, etiology, operative findings and results of surgical treatment of penile fracture (PF) in men who have sex with men(MSM) with emphasis on sexual complications. Materials and Methods: We studied 216 patients underwent surgical correction of PF at our hospital. Patients self-identified as MSM were followed for at least 6 months. Demographic data, presentation, operative findings, International Index of Erection Function - 5 (IIEF-5) and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool. Results: Of 216 PF cases, 4 (1.8%) were MSM. All cases resulted from sexual activity and all patients reported using the "doggy style" position during anal intercourse. Unilateral or bilateral injury of corpus cavernosum was found in 2 patients each. One (25%) patient had complete urethral injury associated with bilateral corpus cavernosum lesion. During the follow-up period, all patients developed some type of sexual complication. One patient reported penile pain during intercourse. Another patient experienced low sexual desire and premature ejaculation. This patient was also dissatisfied with the aesthetic result of the surgical scar and complained about decreased penis size after surgery. The third case developed delayed ejaculation. The fourth patient experienced mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. This same patient presented with penile curvature. Finally, palpable fibrotic nodules in the operative area were observed in all cases. Conclusions: Sexual activity in the "doggy style" position was the commonest cause of PF in MSM. Sexual dysfunction is always present in gay man after surgery for PF. However, additional studies with larger samples should be coinducted.

Potencial evocado visual em cães e ovinos / Visual evoked potential in dogs and sheep

O potencial evocado visual (PEV) é técnica eletrodiagnóstica que permite avaliação das vias visuais. O PEV de 20 cães e 20 ovinos adultos, de ambos os sexos, foram obtidos para estudo normativo. Foram utilizados eletrodos de agulha monopolar posicionados em O1 e O2 (ativos), em Fpz (referência comum) e em Cz (terra). O estímulo foi na forma de flash a 1Hz. Dezessete cães e 17 ovinos foram incluídos no estudo, pois apresentaram potenciais auditivos com boa qualidade técnica. Os resultados da avaliação dos dois olhos foram agrupados, totalizando 34 exames em cada espécie. O achado mais consistente em todos os exames foi uma deflexão eletropositiva, com latência média de 55,4ms em cães (P55) e 63,75ms em ovinos (P63). Outras duas ondas eletronegativas também foram identificadas: N31 e N75 em cães; e N42 e N86 em ovinos. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo permitiu obtenção de potenciais visuais com pequena variabilidade, sendo útil para avaliação de animais com suspeita de alteração nas vias visuais centrais.(AU)

The visual evoked potential (VEP) is an electro-diagnostic technique that allows assessment of visual pathways. The VEP from 20 adult dogs and 20 adult sheep of both gender was obtained for normative study. Monopolar electrode needles were placed in O1 and O2 (active), Fpz (common reference) and Cz (ground). The stimuli were flash at 1Hz. Seventeen dogs and 17 sheep were included in the study because they had auditory potentials with good technical quality. The results from both eyes were grouped, totaling 34 results in each species. The most consistent result in all tests was an electropositive deflection, with a mean latency 55.4ms in dogs (P55) and 63.75ms in sheep (P63). Two negative deflections were also identified: N31 and N75 in dogs, and N42 and N86 in sheep. The methodology used in this study allowed to obtain potential similar to those described in other studies, with little variability, and is useful for evaluation of animals with suspected changes in the central visual pathways.(AU)

Myiasis associated with penile carcinoma: a new trend in developing countries?

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study is to report an unusual form of penile cancer presentation associated with myiasis infestation, treatment options and outcomes. Materials and Methods We studied 10 patients with suspected malignant neoplasm of the penis associated with genital myiasis infestation. Diagnostic assessment was conducted through clinical history, physical examination, penile biopsy, larvae identification and computerized tomography scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Clinical and pathological staging was done according to 2002 TNM classification system. Radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was conducted according to the primary penile tumor pathology and clinical lymph nodes status. Results Patients age ranged from 41 to 77 years (mean=62.4). All patients presented squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in association with myiasis infestation caused by Psychoda albipennis. Tumor size ranged from 4cm to 12cm (mean=5.3). Circumcision was conducted in 1 (10%) patient, while penile partial penectomy was performed in 5 (50%). Total penectomy was conducted in 2 (20%) patients, while emasculation was the treatment option for 2 (20%). All patients underwent radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. Prophylactic lymphadenectomy was performed on 3 (30%) patients, therapeutic on 5 (50%), and palliative lymphadenectomy on 2 (20%) patients. Time elapsed from primary tumor treatment to radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was 2 to 6 weeks. The mean follow-up was 34.3 months. Conclusion The occurrence of myiasis in the genitalia is more common in patients with precarious hygienic practices and low socio-economic level. The treatment option varied according to the primary tumor presentation and clinical lymph node status.

Relationship between the prevalence of hemoglobin S and the ethnic background of blood donors in Paraná state / Relação entre prevalência da hemoglobina S e origem étnica de doadores de sangue no estado do Paraná

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Hemoglobin S (HbS) is one of the most common inherited hematological disorders in humans. In Brazil, the sickle-cell disease (SCD) has significant epidemiological importance due to its prevalence and the morbidity-mortality and, therefore, it has been identified as a matter of public health.Objective:To determine the prevalence of HbS among Asian Brazilian, Afro Brazilian, and Euro Brazilian individuals of a blood bank in Curitiba.Material and method:The study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2009, and included 83,213 donors seen at the Instituto Paranaense de Hemoterapia e Hematologia.Results and discussion:The prevalence of HbS in the studied population was 0.9%, among them, 0% Asian Brazilians, 2.7% Afro Brazilians, and 0.7% Euro Brazilians. There was a positive association, statistically significant for the sickle cell trait in Afro-descendants, with odds ratio (OR) 4.01; confidence interval (CI) 3.42-4.72; and 95% confidence.Conclusion:This study showed higher rates of sickle cell trait in Afro Brazilians, which corroborates data published in other Brazilian regions and states.

RESUMOIntrodução:A hemoglobina S (HbS) é uma das alterações hematológicas hereditárias de maior frequência na espécie humana. No Brasil, a anemia falciforme (AF) tem importância epidemiológica significativa em virtude da prevalência e da morbimortalidade que apresenta e por isso tem sido apontada como uma questão de saúde pública.Objetivo:Determinar a prevalência de HbS entre indivíduos de origem asiática, afro e euro-brasileira de um banco de sangue de Curitiba.Material e método:O estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, no qual foram incluídos 83.213 doadores atendidos no Instituto Paranaense de Hemoterapia e Hematologia.Resultados e discussão:A prevalência geral de HbS na população estudada foi de 0,9%, sendo 0% entre asiático-brasileiros, 2,7% entre afro-brasileiros e 0,7% entre euro-brasileiros. Houve associação positiva, significativa estatisticamente, para o traço falcêmico nos afrodescendentes, com odds ratio (OR) de 4,01 e intervalo de confiança (IC) 3,42-4,72, com 95% de confiança.Conclusão:O presente trabalho demonstrou maiores índices de traço falcêmico em afro-brasileiros, o que corrobora dados publicados em outras regiões e estados brasileiros.

Dinâmica de infestação de plantas daninhas em variedades de cana-de-açúcar / Infestation dynamics of weed in sugarcane varieties

A seleção de genótipos mais adaptados às condições de estresses bióticos e abióticos aliados com características agronômicas favoráveis são fatores preponderantes para o sucesso no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Neste contexto objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica de infestação de plantas daninhas e o comportamento de variedades de cana-deaçúcar em condições do semiárido norte mineiro. O experimento foi disposto em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e oito variedades de cana-de-açúcar: RB72454, RB867515, RB739735, RB835486, SP81-3250, IAC86-2480, SP80-1842 e RB855536. Nos levantamentos fitossociológicos realizados aos 30 e 150 dias após o plantio (DAP), foram identificadas 25 espécies daninhas distribuídas em 10 famílias, sendo as mais representativas com relação ao número de espécies a Poaceae (9), Fabaceae (4), Malvaceae (3) e Convolvulaceae (2). As principais espécies encontradas no primeiro levantamento foram: Sida rhombifolia, Aeschynomene denticulata, Sida sp., Ipomoea triloba e Senna obtusifolia. Aos 150 DAP as espécies S. rhombifolia, Brachiaria decumbens, Sida sp., Panicum maximum, Sida cordifolia e Brachiaria brizantha obtiveram os maiores IVI e IVC. A similaridade entre as épocas de avaliação foi de 41,86% o que indica baixa homogeneidade das espécies presentes no canavial entre as duas fases da cultura. Entre as variedades a similaridade das comunidades foi alta na primeira avaliação e baixa aos 150 DAP, o que indica influência das variedades cultivadas sobre as plantas daninhas presentes. A variedade de cana-de-açúcar com menor IVE apresentou a maior biomassa de plantas daninhas aos 150 DAP. Dentre as variedades de cana-de-açúcar avaliadas as mais produtivas foram RB72454, RB867515 e SP81-3250.

The selection of adapted genotypes to the conditions biotic and abiotic stresses allies by favorable agronomic characteristics are critical factors for success in the grown of sugarcane. In this context aimed to evaluate the infestation dynamics of weed and behavior of sugarcane varieties in conditions of semi-arid northern Minas Gerais. The experiment was arranged a randomized block design four replicates and sugarcane varieties: RB72454, RB867515, RB739735, RB835486, SP81-3250, IAC86-2480, SP80-1842 and RB855536. In phyto-sociology surveys conducted at 30 and 150 days after planting (DAP), were identified 25 weed species distributed in 10 families, the most representative with respect to the number of species Poaceae (9), Fabaceae (4), Malvaceae (3) and Convolvulaceae (2). The main species found in the first survey were: Sida rhombifolia, Aeschynomene denticulata, Sida sp., Ipomoea triloba and Senna obtusifolia. The highest IVI and IVC in the survey 150 DAP were found for the species Sida rhombifolia, Brachiaria decumbens, Sida sp., Panicum maximum, Brachiaria brizantha and Sida cordifolia. The similarity between the evaluation periods was 41.86% which indicates low homogeneity of the species present in the sugarcane fields between the two phases of culture. Among the varieties of communities similar was high at the first evaluation and low at 150 DAP, indicating influences of grow varieties on weeds. A variety of sugarcane with lower IVE had the highest weed biomass at 150 DAP. Among the varieties of cane sugar worked were the most productive RB72454, RB867515 and SP81-3250.

Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis in dairy herds from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Resistência a antimicrobianos em Staphylococcus aureus isolados de mastite em bovinos leiteiros de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) stands out as one of the most common etiological agents of bovine mastitis, currently causing major economic losses to dairy farming. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of this micro-organism to antimicrobials, 352 isolates from 35 dairy herds located in the state of Minas Gerais were submitted to antibiogram tests, using the disc diffusion technique. Nitrofurantoin and the Associations of neomycin, bacitracin and tetracycline (NBT), as well as penicillin, nafcillin and dihydrostreptomycin (PND), showed 100% efficiency in vitro. There were low resistance rates in the group of cephalosporins, with values of 0, 0.28 and 0.40% for cefquimona, cephalothin, and ceftiofur, respectively. Among the aminoglycosides, there was 1.69% resistance to gentamicin and 3.35% for neomycin. The highest resistance was observed for polymyxin B (82%), followed by betalactams, ampicillin and penicillin, with resistance rates of 80.92 and 80.45%, respectively. Moderate levels of resistance were observed for tetracycline, lincomycin, cefoperazone and sulfazotrim. Among the tested isolates, 65 (18.15%), coming from 24 of the 35 herds studied, showed multidrug resistance (MAR index 5; 0.2). The results pointed out to high variation in antimicrobial resistance profiles and the occcurrence of multidrug resistance among some studied strains, highlighting the importance of [...]

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) destaca-se como um dos agentes etiológicos mais frequentes da mastite bovina, que causa os maiores prejuízos econômicos à pecuária leiteira brasileira. Visando avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade deste agente aos antimicrobianos, 352 isolados provenientes de 35 rebanhos leiteiros localizados em Minas Gerais foram submetidos a testes de antibiograma, utilizando-se a técnica de difusão em disco. Nitrofurantoína, bem como as associações de neomicina, bacitracina e tetraciclina (NBT) e penicilina, nafcilina e dihidroestreptomicina (PND), apresentaram 100% de eficiência in vitro. Foram verificados baixos índices de resistência no grupo das cefalosporinas, com valores de 0, 0,28 e 0,40% para cefquimona, cefalotina e ceftiofur, respectivamente. Entre os aminoglicosídeos, observou-se 1,69% de resistência para gentamicina e 3,35% para a neomicina. O maior índice de resistência foi observado para polimixina B (82%), seguido pelos betalactâmicos, ampicilina e penicilina, com índices de resistência de 80,92 e 80,45%, respectivamente. Níveis intermediários de resistência foram observados para tetraciclina, lincomicina, cefoperazona e sulfazotrim. Entre os isolados testados, 65 (18,15%), oriundos de 24 dentre os 35 rebanhos estudados, apresentaram multirresistência (índice MAR 5; 0,2). Os resultados apontaram grande variação nos perfis de resistência aos [...]

Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae related to Rhinella schneideri (Anura, Bufonidae), Bothrops moojeni (Reptilia, Serpentes) and Mabuya frenata (Reptilia, Lacertilia) carcasses in Brasília, Brazil / Sarcophagidae e Calliphoridae associados às carcaças de Rhinella schneideri (Anura, Bufonidae), Bothrops moojeni (Reptilia, Serpentes) e Mabuya frenata (Reptilia, Lacertilia) em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil

Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae related to Rhinella schneideri (Anura, Bufonidae), Bothrops moojeni (Reptilia, Serpentes) and Mabuya frenata (Reptilia, Lacertilia) carcasses in Brasília, Brazil. This paper presents a list of necrophagous insects associated with small size carrions of two reptiles and one amphibian, found in areas of riparian forests and Cerrado sensu stricto physiognomies in a Conservation Unit located in Brasilia, Distrito Federal. We found seven species of insects related to these carcasses, being five Sarcophagidae, one Calliphoridae and one Braconidae parasitoid wasp. Lucilia eximia and Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans were the most abundant species in the study, corroborating with other studies that suggests that these species have specializations for colonization of small size animal carcasses.

Sarcophagidae e Calliphoridae associados às carcaças de Rhinella schneideri (Anura, Bufonidae), Bothrops moojeni (Reptilia, Serpentes) e Mabuya frenata (Reptilia, Lacertilia) em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta uma lista de insetos decompositores associados a carcaças de pequeno porte de dois répteis e de um anfíbio, encontrados em áreas de matas de galeria e de cerrado sensu stricto em unidades de conservação do Distrito Federal. Foram encontradas sete espécies de insetos associados a essas carcaças, sendo cinco sarcofagídeos, um califorídeo e uma vespa parasitóide Braconidae. Lucilia eximia e Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans foram as espécies mais abundantes, corroborando com outros estudos que sugerem que estas espécies apresentam especializações para a colonização de carcaças menores.

Dietary supplementation with Spirulina platensis increases growth and color of red tilapia / Efeito da suplementação da dieta com Spirulina platensis no crescimento e coloração de tilápia vermelha / Efecto de la suplementación dietaria con Spirulina platensis en el crecimiento y la coloración de la tilapia roja

Proper nutrition is critical for the production of aquatic species, especially during their early stages, when animals are more susceptible to mismanagement and sudden environmental changes. Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Spirulina platensis as a nutritional supplement for growth and coloration of red tilapia. Methods: tilapia were fed with commercial feed (D1: control); commercial feed + wet Spirulina platensis (D2); commercial feed + dry Spirulina platensis (D3); commercial feed + freshwater microalgae (D4). Results: D2 showed the best growth performance results. Survival rates of D1, D2 and D3 were higher than D4 (p<0.05). Masculinization and gastrointestinal rates were similar between treatments (p>0.05). The hepatosomatic index was similar between D1 and D4 (p>0.05) but lower than D2 and D3 (p<0.05). Yellow color intensity in D2 was moderate, whereas D3 was weak (Abs. 490 nm). Skin extracts of fish not consuming S. platensis showed very weak staining. Aquatic algae counts in D1 revealed that cyanobacterium (Microcystis genus) presented 95% dominance. Conclusions: fish fed with wet or dr y S. platensis, showed higher growth and staining than animals exposed to commercial feed alone or combined with freshwater microalgae. Marine microalgae proved effective in red tilapia. It is suggested to study the cost-benefit of cultivation and supply of S. platensis to fish, and to determine the economic benefits that this practice can bring to commercial farming.

No cultivo de espécies aquáticas, uma nutrição adequada assume importância fundamental no sucesso da atividade, principalmente nas fases iniciais de criação, período em que os animais estão mais susceptíveis ao manejo errôneo e mudanças bruscas do ambiente. Objetivo: o Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de Spirulina platensis como suplemento alimentar no crescimento e coloração de tilápia vermelha. Métodos: as tilápias foram cultivadas com ração comercial (D1: controle), ração comercial + Spirulina platensis úmida (D2), ração comercial + Spirulina platensis seca (D3) e ração comercial + microalgas de água doce (D4). Resultados: em relação ao desempenho zootécnico, D2 obteve os melhores resultados. As taxas de sobrevivência alcançadas nos tratamentos D1, D2 e D3, foram superiores as alcançadas no tratamento D4 (p<0.05). Os índices de masculinização e gastrointestinais foram estatisticamente similares para todos os tratamentos (p<0.05). Os índices hepatossomáticos encontrados em D1 e D4 foram estatisticamente semelhantes (p<0.05), porém, ambos apresentaram valores abaixo dos encontrados em D2 e D3 (p<0.05). A intensidade da cor amarela de D2, após a extração de pigmentos das peles dos peixes, apresentou-se moderada, enquanto em D3 a intensidade foi fraca (Abs 490 nm). Os extratos das peles dos peixes que não consumiram S. platensis, apresentaram coloração muito fraca. As contagens das microalgas presentes na água verde de D1, realizadas através de microscopia óptica, revelou que a cianobactéria do gênero Microcystis apresentou 95% dominância. Conclusões: os peixes alimentados com S. platensis, úmida ou seca, obtiveram desempenho superior e coloração mais forte que os animais expostos somente ao alimento artificial ou combinado com microalgas de água doce. A microalga marinha demonstrou ser um suplemento alimentar eficiente para tilápia vermelha. Sugerem-se estudos da relação custo-benefício do cultivo e oferta de S. platensis para os peixes, desta forma elucidando as vantagens econômicas que esta prática poderá trazer para a tilapicultura comercial.

En el cultivo de especies acuáticas, la nutrición adecuada es de importancia fundamental para el éxito de la actividad, especialmente durante las primeras etapas de la producción, período en que los animales son más susceptibles al mal manejo y a cambios ambientales repentinos. Objetivos: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la Spirulina platensis como suplemento alimenticio para el crecimiento y coloración de la tilapia roja. Métodos: las tilapias fueron cultivadas con alimento comercial (D1: control), alimento comercial + Spirulina platensis húmeda (D2); alimento comercial + Spirulina platensis seca (D3); alimento comercial + microalgas de agua dulce (D4). Resultados: en relación con el desempeño zootécnico, D2 mostró los mejores resultados. Las tasas de supervivencia de D1, D2 y D3 fueron mayores que D4 (p< 0.05). Los índices de masculinización y gastrointestinal fueron similares entre los tratamientos (p> 0.05). El índice hepato-somático fue similar entre D1 y D4 (p>0.05), pero menor que D2 y D3 (p<0.05). La intensidad del color amarillo en D2 fue moderada, mientras que en D3 fue débil (Abs 490nm). Los extractos de piel de peces que no consumieron S. platensis mostraron coloración muy débil. Los recuentos de microalgas acuáticas en D1 revelaron que la cianobacteria (género Microcystis) presentó 95% de dominancia. Conclusiones: los peces alimentados con S. platensis, húmeda o seca, presentaron mayor crecimiento y coloración que los animales expuestos a alimentos artificiales solos o combinados con microalgas de agua dulce. Las microalgas marinas demostraron ser eficaces en tilapia roja. Se sugiere realizar estudios sobre la relación costo-beneficio del cultivo y oferta de S. platensis para peces, y determinar las ventajas económicas que esta práctica puede traer a la piscicultura comercial.

Glaucoma secundário à iridociclite heterocrômica de Fuchs / Secondary glaucoma to fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclits

A iridociclite heterocrômica de Fuchs ou Síndrome de Fuchs é um tipo de uveíte relativamente incomum. Afeta igualmente ambos os sexos, na faixa etária dos 20-45 anos, tendo no quadro clássico uma inflamação não granulomatosa crônica unilateral na úvea anterior, de início insidioso, baixo grau de atividade, e não sendo responsiva aos corticóides. Normalmente tem um bom prognóstico, exceto quando ocorre o desenvolvimento de catarata e glaucoma, patologias que podem estar associadas à síndrome. Nesse caso, temos um paciente masculino, de 68 anos, que teve como primeira manifestação da síndrome o glaucoma.

Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclits or Fuchs' Syndrome is a kind of uveitides relatively uncommon. Affect equally both genders, between 20-45 years old, in the classic features include a chronic unilateral nongranulomatous inflammation in anterior uvea, insidious onset, low-grade in activity, and unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy. Usually has a good prognosis, except for the development of cataract and glaucoma, pathologies associated with syndrome. In this case, there are a male pacient, 68 years, with glaucoma as the first manifestation of the Fuchs'Syndrome.